Cisco CCNA / CCENT Certification Exam Training: Broadcasts, Hubs, Routers, And Switches



Posted: Tuesday, August 07, 2007

by Chris Bryant CCIE 12933
The Bryant Advantage

In a previous Cisco CCENT certification exam tutorial, we talked about broadcasts and the potential of a broadcast storm. (If you missed that one, visit my website’s Tutorials section.) In today’s tutorial, we’ll discuss several different common network devices and how they help to limit broadcast propagation – or in some cases, how they do not help!

In the “do not help" department, we’ll find hubs and repeaters. These two devices operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model (the Physical layer), and their sole purpose is to strengthen the electrical signals sent over the cable. They don’t have anything to do with switching or routing, and they do not help to limit broadcasts. (A hub is basically just a repeater with more ports.)

On the other end of the spectrum, we have routers. Routers operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model (the Network layer), and by default routers do not forward broadcasts. They can be configured to “translate" certain broadcast types into unicasts, but you’ll learn more about that in your CCNA studies.

Since routers do not forward broadcasts, there’s a misconception that routers have nothing to do with broadcasts. Routers can indeed generate broadcasts, and they can accept broadcasts – but they will not forward broadcasts. That’s an important distinction.

Between these two extremes, we find switches. Switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model (the Data Link layer), and the default behavior of a switch is to accept a broadcast and forward it out every other single port on that switch except the port that first received the broadcast.

If that sounds like a lot of broadcast forwarding, it is! If we have an 80-port switch and one port receives a broadcast, by default a copy of that broadcast is going to be forwarded out the other 79 ports. Most likely, not all of those hosts connected to those switchports need to see that broadcast, and sending unnecessary broadcast results in an unnecessary use of network resources, particularly bandwidth.

Luckily for us, there is a way to configure a Cisco switch to limit which ports receive that broadcast, and we’ll take a look at that method in the next installment of my Cisco CCENT certification exam tutorial series!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of free Cisco CCENT Certification and CCNA Certification Exam tutorials, The Ultimate CCNA Study Package, and Ultimate CCNP Study Packages.

You can also visit his blog, which is updated several times daily with new Cisco certification articles, free tutorials, and daily CCNA / CCNP exam questions!

Visit his blog and sign up for Certification Central, a daily newsletter packed with CCNA, Network+, A+, and CCNP certification exam practice questions. A free 7-part course, “How To Pass The CCNA", is also available.

Pass your

CCENT Certification Exam with The Bryant Advantage!

This Article has been viewed 164 times. (Not updated in real-time.)
No comments yet.
We want your comments! If you can read this, you don't have javascript enabled, so you can't use this comment system. Please enable javascript.