Passing Cisco's CCNA and CCNP Exams: The VLAN.DAT File
Posted: Monday, October 31, 2005
by Chris Bryant CCIE 12933
The Bryant Advantage
CCNA and CCNP candidates who have their own Cisco home labs often email me about an odd situation that occurs when they erase a switch's configuration. Their startup configuration is gone, as they expect, but the VLAN and VTP information is still there!
Sounds strange, doesn't it? Let's look at an example. On SW1, we run show vlan brief and see that there are three additional vlans in use:
SW1#show vlan br
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- ---------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
30 VLAN0030 active
We want to totally erase the router's startup configuration, so we use the write erase command, confirm it, and reload without saving the running config:
SW1#write erase
Erasing the nvram filesystem will remove all configuration files! Continue? [con
firm]
[OK]
Erase of nvram: complete
SW1#rel
00:06:00: %SYS-7-NV_BLOCK_INIT: Initalized the geometry of nvram
SW1#reload
System configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: n
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
The router reloads, and after exiting setup mode, we run show vlan brief again. And even though the startup configuration was erased, the vlans are still there!
Switch#show vlan br
VLAN Name Status Ports
---- -------------------------------- ---------
1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4
Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
Fa0/9, Fa0/10
10 VLAN0010 active
20 VLAN0020 active
30 VLAN0030 active
The reason is that this vlan and VTP information is actually kept in the VLAN.DAT file in Flash memory, and the contents of Flash are kept on a reload. The file has to be deleted manually.
There's a little trick to deleting this file. The switch will prompt you twice to ask if you really want to get rid of this file. Don't type "y" or "yes" just accept the defaults by hitting the return key. If you type "y", the router attempts to delete a file named "y", as shown here:
Switch#delete vlan.dat
Delete filename [vlan.dat]? y
Delete flash:y? [confirm]
%Error deleting flash:y (No such file or directory)
Switch#delete vlan.dat
Delete filename [vlan.dat]?
Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]
Switch#
The best way to prepare for CCNA and CCNP exam success is by working on real Cisco equipment, and by performing lab tasks over and over. Repetition is the mother of skill, and by truly erasing your VLAN and VTP information by deleting the vlan.dat file from Flash, you'll be building your Cisco skills to the point where your CCNA and CCNP exam success is a certainty.
Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including Cisco CCNA certification test prep articles. His exclusive Cisco CCNA study guide and Cisco CCNA training is also available!
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